Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Standard Training Model Is Significant For The Workshop

The standard training model was significant for the workshop by contributing a systemic approach to engaging prospective students from igniting small communications such as short text messages and videos to stimulate student interest. The systematic approach consisted of preparatory training to communicate and engage prospective students from their first meeting with text messages, emails, invitations to visit campus, video chats throughout the application process to the commitment to enroll. Many of AI forum sessions were productive. Priest, Kaufman, Brunton Seibel (2013) found that AI forum can be used as a model to lead change in a variety of organizational situations. AI forum has evolved into a regulatory approach to change.†¦show more content†¦This problem was identified by through enrollment data that revealed the need to improve the communications flow of messages to prospective students from recruiters. The goal of the deliverable was to develop the skills and me thods of communications used by recruiters. This need requires recruiters to remain acutely aware of the importance to stay committed to building a successful transmission pipeline with all their prospect students to convince them to enroll. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval excited quick and frequent discussions in AI forums with admissions. There was not a clear, immediate understanding on their behalf of the value of the debates to share their experiences. However, as this became a common thread to their desire for new strategies and technology to communicate with prospective students their sharing became even more readily without solicitation. The review of historical data from Jenzabar EX provided a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the previous communication flow and enrollment response resulting in admission. The need to improve the last communication flow was consistent with the development of the deliverables content design to improve, communications met hods and technology. The information from AI forums content included in the deliverable showed a directShow MoreRelatedThe Multidimensional Model Of Leadership1541 Words   |  7 PagesVictorian Korfball Senior Team is in need of significant transformation if there is any hope of fostering a high performance culture in the new season. Due to their history of conflict, the players in their present state lack any indications of cohesion. Selecting the right athletes for the new team will play a significant role in the baseline level of cohesion. Each of these areas can be addressed through a method of careful analysis via the Multidimensional Model of Leadership (Chelladurai Saleh 1978)Read MoreDeveloping a Set of Guidelines for Conducting Performance Appraisal for Preceptors1117 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivates students as they pursue the activities outlined in the course outline. He or she is responsible for demonstrating the activities that are expected of the student to perform. He or she demonstrates skilled relations with patients. Preceptor models the students thinking by allowing use of think aloud technique which serves to give feedback to students on means of solving problems. Preceptor is responsible for conducting assessment of the students abilities to manage assignments of clinicalRead MoreThe Issue Of Decline Of University Attendance Rates And Assess The Factors That Positively Influence Lecture Attendance1593 Words   |  7 Pagesand Problem/Opportunity In the following text are going to address the issue of decline of university attendance rates and examine the factors that positively influence lecture attendance. Consistent class attendance has been established as a significant factor in student achievement in school settings. (Gottfried, 2010) In addition, attendance rate has been determined to be related with better school performance on standardized test scores. (Gottfried, 2011) In term of this monitoring attendenceRead MoreThe World Is The Virtual World1623 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop virtual teams, how to exploit opportunities, how to address and resolve challenges, and describing best practices to be a competent and successful project manager. The paper can be a reference for your knowledge base in addition to a 10-hour training session at the end of the paper which helps you increase your knowledge and expertise in this new and noble area. Key Characteristics of Virtual Project Management Working in virtual environment is consisted of two interrelated components: 1- VirtualRead MoreWomen s Role For Women883 Words   |  4 Pagesmarried women from the workshop and factory.† Far from liberating, it sought to ensure that women could remain in the home and â€Å"fulfill the only purpose of Christian marriage: reproduction.† This regulation did not serve as protection, but merely assigns a positive spin on the concept of limiting women’s potential. Women made up a slim percentage of those educated at the secondary level and therefore qualified for few professional positions, they did dominate â€Å"training for magisterio, elementaryRead MoreExecutive Action Learning ( Eal )811 Words   |  4 Pagescalled action learning teams (ALTs). In this collaborative new learning/working model, the original action learning is transformed from merely an effective training method to an organizational change and alignment tool. The change program is implemented via a combination of expert education, advisory process and collaboration facilitation. The value added benefit of the new ALM is that it can save the corporation a significant cost of hiring an army of expensive consultants to solve organizational performanceRead MorePregnancy Prevention Programs Are Still Being Left Unanswered1727 Words   |  7 Pagesschools and other professionals to locate very specific resources for their clients. 2. Education and Networking Workshops- provides their local human services practitioners with seminars, training courses, and discussion groups, based on their current need as it relates to empowering their clients. 3. Leadership Training Clearinghouses- provides a host of in-service trainings and workshops that enhance the knowledge and skills of community and organization leaders. 4. Technical Assistance Clearinghouses-Read MoreThe Concept and Importance of Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)1724 Words   |  7 Pagesthe current business environment. This has been brought about by factors such as: Guarantee of Quality: The latest and important issue of the 21st century normally requires that adequately trained staff perform all significant roles within an organization and that the training is kept up to date on a regular basis in order to meet the customer demands. Continuous Change in Business Structures and Behaviors of people: Change has no limits; during university or college education the lessonsRead MoreThe Concept and Importance of Continuous Professional Development (Cpd)1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the current business environment. This has been brought about by factors such as: Guarantee of Quality: The latest and important issue of the 21st century normally requires that adequately trained staff perform all significant roles within an organization and that the training is kept up to date on a regular basis in order to meet the customer demands. Continuous Change in Business Structures and Behaviors of people: Change has no limits; during university or college education the lessons haveRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Communication1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowers are only as good as their leader. Each role mentioned above is considered to be role models. When referring to an organization, role models are the leaders of the organization. They could be team leads, managers, directors, or the top person in charge, the chief executive officer. The leaders are responsible for creating the workplace environment. They also set the organization’s cultural standards. From my perspective, it should be so much easier to be an ethical leader. I have not been

Monday, December 16, 2019

Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis Free Essays

The Battle of Fredericksburg David P. Wrighten, CPT, MS Class 09-002 Small Group 6, MAJ Sims 03 April 2009 Abstract In early December 1862, the Union Army of the Potomac had massed on the northern bank of the Rappahannock River as it was in position to strike the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. The Union also position themselves to cut off the Confederate Army’s main supply route for the import and export of goods in the south. We will write a custom essay sample on Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia confronted the Union Army’s attempted strike on the south side of the Rappahannock by occupying the high ground overlooking the riverside town of Fredericksburg. Caught between the two opposing armies, Fredericksburg was destined to the battleground for a bloody prelude of major battles between the Union and Confederate armies in the open fields of the south. The Battle of Fredericksburg Introduction The Battle of Fredericksburg occurred on 11 December 1862 on the banks of the Rappahannock River near the small town of Fredericksburg, Virginia. Pitting three divisions of the Union Forces commanded by MG Edwin V. Sumner, MG Joseph Hooker, and MG William B. Franklin, approximately 120,000 Soldiers against the two Confederate Forces Corps of Northern Virginia commanded by LTG James Longstreet and LTG Thomas L. Jackson approximately 90,000 Soldiers. This battle emphasized the effective use of Weather, Maneuver, Observation Fields of Fire, Cover, and concealment, Obstacles, Key Terrain, and Avenues of Approach. The use of the Battlefield Operating Systems was instrumental in the success of the mission. The primary source used to gather information was, Decisive Battles of the Civil War: the Battle of Fredericksburg by LT. COL. Joseph B. MitchellDrama on the Rappahannock: the Fredericksburg Campaign by Edward J. Stackpole. Secondary sources used were The Battle of Fredericksburg a Special Edition of: Civil War Times by Edward J. Stackpole and Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg by Jay Luvaas and Harold W. Nelson. Strategic Setting Fredericksburg, Virginia during the 1860s had developed into a family oriented community. This town happened to be the farthest point to navigate up the Rappahannock River. It was a very important site for trading for imported and exported goods. However, the larger, newer sailing vessels had difficulties in navigating the Rappahannock, which greatly hinder the international trade with other less modern customers of trade. This allowed members of Fredericksburg to live a more normal or less congested big city lifestyle. Militarily, this river is important for resupplying Soldiers critical supplies in order to fight effectively. The town of Fredericksburg changed hands many times throughout the war. Being located so closely to Richmond and Washington, it can greatly assist or resist in a potential attack on Richmond or Washington. In addition, this town could act as a staging area prior to launching an attack on the nation’s capital. Furthermore, four major battles fought within a seventeen-mile radius of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The major encounter during the Battle of Fredericksburg took place in Virginia. MG Ambrose Burnside’s Federal Army of the Potomac tried to countermine Gen Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and capture Richmond. However, this would be a difficult task, since the Confederates were deeply entrenched into a defensive position west of town. Tactical Situation 1. Mission: Gen Burnside’s was to cross the Rappahannock River and seize the heights behind Fredericksburg, Virginia before Gen Lee’s army arrived. After seizing the town of Fredericksburg, the Army of the Potomac would then advance south to Richmond. In order to cross the Rappahannock Burnside had to build multiple bridges; for this purpose, support elements sent pontoon bridge equipment to Fredericksburg. The Union Forces arrived to the northern banks of the Rappahannock; there were no Confederate Forces in sight. It ould seem as if the advantage would be on the side of the Union Forces. 2. Equipment: Gen Hunt deployed riflemen to provide covering fire for the engineers at each end of the three construction points. He also possessed 147 artillery pieces to serve as the main deterrent to the Confederate Forces opposing the Union effort and accommodate a moderate logistics train. His ammo and other classes of supply were plentiful but the distance wou ld slowly cause these resources to erode. The Confederates had sufficient food and water, but other classes of supply were scarce, particularly their ammo. Many carried hunting rifles and shotguns of varying caliber. The Union Forces had a clear advantage. 3. Terrain: The city and its environs along the Rappahannock River in north-central Virginia were significant obstacles to Union advances on Richmond, the Confederate capital. The battlefield consists of a series of flood plains and river terraces with gentle slopes paralleled by north-south ridges that provide structural boundaries on either side, all comprised of Tertiary and Quaternary Coastal Plain sediments. The Confederates, led by Gen Robert E. Lee, effectively used natural terrain features to impede attacks made by the Union army. Tactical benefits also accrued by the Confederates from manufactured obstacles on the battlefield, e. g. , stone walls and fences. After crossing the Rappahannock River, the Union Army, had to attack uphill with little cover in their unsuccessful attempts to dislodge the Confederates. This gave the Confederate Forces the advantage against the Union strike. 4. Troops: Strategically the Union Forces had the advantage with the number of troops under Gen Burnsides command at nearly 120,000. The Confederate Forces had the advantage as having set up their defensive positions and direct access through their supply routes to their headquarters in Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Forces did lack military training in the ranks as well as standard issue items that would help in the success of their campaign. The Union Forces had a clear advantage as far as personnel, but Confederate Forces had an advantage for their ability to resupply the units. 5. Time: This historic Fredericksburg Campaign planned and executed over a two-month period in November – December of 1862. This was during an extremely cold and harsh winter season. It reduced both the Union and Confederate forces from quiet movements, clear line of sight during pre-dawn hours (fog on the river), heavy snowfall, which restricted movements, thick terrain made of oak, maple, cedar, and highly thick entangled brush cause limited mobility, counter mobility and reduced eyes on the enemy. Therefore, even though the weather did not favor either side, it did not kept tactical goals of either side from being established. The Battle After, the Battle of Bull Run both armies devoted the second half of 1861 and part of 1862 to make serious adjustments for more important battles to come. Procurement of supplies, training, recruiting new soldiers, and other military activities was the primary training mission of both armies. Neither force was in any particular hurry to conduct an offensive operation. An impatient President waited in the White House to see how his popular commanding officer will retrain and utilize his powerful forces. Gen McClellan moved his forces in March 1862, via water, to the Virginia Peninsula between the York and James Rivers. The intent of this move was to take Richmond, Virginia. However, Johnston countered this plan by moving his Confederate soldiers overland in the same direction. Therefore, Gen Mc McClellan staged his troops at Fort Monroe. At the same time, Stonewall Jackson began his Shenandoah Valley Campaign, wounded in battle General Johnston was succeed by Robert E. Lee. On Oct. 6, the President instructed Gen McClellan to â€Å"cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy, or drive him South. Your army must now move,† â€Å"he said, â€Å"while the roads are good. † Twenty-four days spent in correspondence before Gen McClellan obeyed the order of the president. Gen McClellan complained of a lack of men and supplies to make it prudent to move forward. At length, October had nearly passed by and Gen Lee’s army thoroughly rested and reorganized, and communications with Richmond re-established, the Army of the Potomac began to cross the river (Oct. 26), 100,000 strong. The Nationals led down the east side of the Blue Ridge, but failed to strike the retreating Confederates over the mountain in flank or to get ahead of them; and Gen Lee pushed Gen Longstreet’s troops over the Blue Ridge to Culpeper Courthouse, between the Army of the Potomac and Richmond, ready to dispute the advance of the Nationals. Quick and energetic movements were now necessary to sever and defeat, in detail, Gen Lee’s army. (See Map 1) On Nov. 75, the President relieved Gen McClellan of command, and Gen Burnside took command of the Corps. A sense of responsibility made the latter commander exceedingly cautious. Before he moved, he endeavored to get his 120,000 men well in hand. Gen Burnside determined Aquia Creek Landing as his resupply hub and main base for his assault. His overall decision was to, and he moved the army towards Fredericksburg down the Fredericksburg Route towards Fredericksburg. The allowed his forces to cover Washington and assure better protection of his lines of resupply and communication. Oon Nov. 150 Gen. Sumner led the movement from Warrenton down the left bank of the Rappahannock and covered almost 40 miles in two and one-half days to Falmouth. By November 21, Gen Longstreet’s Corps had arrived near Fredericksburg, and Gen Jackson’s (which had been downstream along the Rappahannock to prevent crossings there) was following rapidly. Gen Lee at first anticipated that he would fight Gen Burnside northwest of Fredericksburg and that it might be necessary to drop back behind the North Anna River. However, when he saw how slowly Gen Burnside was moving, he directed all of his army toward Fredericksburg. The first pontoon bridges arrived at Falmouth on November 25, much too late to enable the Army of the Potomac to cross the river without opposition. Gen Burnside still had an opportunity, however, because he was facing only half of Gen Lee’s army, not yet dug in, and if he acted quickly, he might be able to attack Longstreet and defeat him before Jackson arrived. Once again, he squandered his opportunity. The bridges arrived at the end of the month, and by this time, Gen Jackson was present and Gen Longstreet was preparing strong defenses. Gen Burnside originally plannedplanned to use Gen McClellan’s original plan of to crossing his army east of Fredericksburg; 10 miles (16 km) downstream at Skinker’s Neck, but Early’s division arrived there and blocked him. Therefore,So he Gen Burnside decided to cross directly at Fredericksburg. On December 9, he wrote to Halleck, â€Å"I think now the enemy will be more surprised by a crossing immediately in our front than any other part of the river. †¦ I’m convinced that a large force of the enemy is now concentrated at Port Royal, its left resting on Fredericksburg, which we hope to turn. † In addition to, his numerical advantage in troop strength, Gen Burnside also had the advantage of knowing his army could not be attacked effectively. On the other side of the Rappahannock, 220 artillery pieces had been located on the ridge known as Stafford Heights to prevent Gen Lee’s army from mounting any major counterattacks. (See Map 1) On the morning of December 11, Union Engineers began the construction of six pontoon bridges in preparation for the passage of Union Forces across the Rappahannock River. Two placed north of the Town Center, a third on the southern end of town, and three further south near the confluence of the Rappahannock and Deep Run. During the assembly of the pontoon bridges, Union Engineers came under punishing fire from the Confederate Forces primarily from the sharpshooters of the Mississippi Brigade commanded by Gen Barksdale. Gen Burnside. tThen ordered his Union artillery batteries then to shelled the city. The artillery fire lasted for an hour in terrific bombardment in hopes to drive the Confederate sharpshooters out of their positions. The bombardment failed to dampen the spirits of Barksdale’s sharpshooters, as soon as the artillery fire ceased the musketeers popped out of the holes and resumed firing. Thus, the first attempt to cross the river was a failure due to the Confederates’ fires on federal engineers constructing pontoon bridges on the river. Gen Burnsides’ staff immediately began mission analysis on another plan to cross the river. Gen Hunt suggested the only solution to cross the river are volunteers to cross by ferry rowing in pontoons to secure the opposite side of the river a lay suppressive fire on Confederate sharpshooters to cover the bridge layers. Because of a lack in confidence on his part, Gen BurnsideIf he was confident and swift in issuing was slow in issuing his tactical instructions,instructions; the Union Army of the Potomac may have caught the Confederates unready to defend their positions properly. In addition to the failure of the first attempt to cross, there wasAdditionally, a decrease in morale of the Union ForcesArmy of the Potomac and their senior commandeleadershipr due to the hesitation of Gen Burnsides decisionstheir overall commander on not just one critical occasion but several occasions. Other occasions of indecisiveness and lack of initiative in dealing with the blunder of getting the pontoons transferred from Washington also attributed to the decrease in morale of not only the Leadership leadership but also the Soldiers. Furthermore, the inability of Burnside to consider the advice advice, from Gen Halleck, was trying to give on where to cross the river showed the lack of communication from the field commander to Washington Headquarters. The Chief Engineer of the Army ordered his engineers in the following format (Stackpole, p122): (These were the actual orders that were issued) Engineers will place two pontoons bridges to be constructed at the site of old pontoon bridge, one of them to have approaches for artillery. One pontoon bridge at site of old canal-boat bridge; approaches for artillery. Additionally, we will place two pontoon bridges just below mouth of Deep Run, a mile below Fredericksburg one to have artillery approach. Major Spaulding to throw three uppe r ones: major Magruder to throw the next, and Lieutenant Cross the lowest one. Bridge equipage, now at White Oak Church, to move up and go into park near Phillip’s house by dark. At midnight trains to move down within 400 yards of river, and to move down and begin unloading a two in the morning. If enemy fire is kept down, bridges to be thrown as soon as are unloaded; if too hot, wait until artillery silences it† The battle opened south of the city at 8:30 a. m. on December 13, when Maj. Gen. William Franklin ordered two of the divisions from the Left Grand Division to maneuver themselves through an unseen gap in Gen Jackson’s defenses on the right and head towards Hamilton’s Crossing. By 10 a. m. , a thick fog began to lift, and the initially sluggish movements picked up speed. Gen Meade’s division of 4,500 men formed the main attack, in direct support of Gen Meade’sthese movements the divisions of Gen Doubleday and Gen Gibbon. The Virginia Horse Artillery under Major John Pelham stalled the attack, and an artillery duel between Pelham and the Union artillery batteries lasted for approximately an hour. MAJ Pelham started his artillery attack with only two cannons—a 12-pounder Napoleon smoothbore and a rifled Blakely—but continued with only one after counter-battery fire disabled one of the cannons. Gen Lee observed the action and commented about Pelham, age 24, â€Å"It is glorious to see such courage in one so young. † As Meade finally made traction, he ran into Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg’s brigade, scattering it. Gen Gregg was shot and mortally wounded; he died two days later. To Gen Meade’s right, Gen Gibbon’s attack against the brigades of Brig. Gen. William Dorsey Pender and Edward L. Thomas made good progress, but Gen Meade and Gen Gibbon men became separated; by 1:30 p. m. , a heavy Confederate counterattack pushed them back to the beachhead of the Rappahannock. Because of the foggy conditions, Federal artillery could not provide much assistance because of the inability to discern between Union and Confederate Forces. Driven back and chased by the Confederate infantry, raised some concerns with Gen Burnside, his divisions may be trapped at the river. The Federal line strengthened with addition of Brig. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles and Brig. Gen. David B. Birney divisions, and Stonewall Jackson’s counterattack grounded to a halt. The focus of action moved north to Marye Heights. The initial assaults west of Fredericksburg began at 11 a. . as French’s divisiontwo divisions from Gen Couch’s Corps, Gen French’s division and Gen Hancock’s division, moved along the Plank Road, facing a steep-banked drainage ditch and a wide, open plain of 400 yards (370 m), dominated by Confederate infantry and artillery behind a sunken road and stone wall. Earlier, artillerist Edward Porter Alexander, â€Å"A chicken could not live o n that field when we open on it,† had assured Gen Longstreet. The Union men attacking had to file d into columns over two small bridges across the drainage ditch, making them a massed target. Attempts to shift the attack farther to the right failed because of swampy ground. As in the south, Union artillery was prevented by fog from effectively silencing the Confederate guns as from Stafford Heights Union guns were unable to reach the Confederate positions. Gen Burnside had anticipated this attack on the right would be merely supportive of his main effort on the left, but Franklin had stalled and resisted entreaties to continue, so Gen Burnside shifted his emphasis. After French’s division was repulsed with heavy losses, Gen Burnside sent in the divisions of Gen Hancock and Gen Howard, which met a similar fate. By this time, Gen Pickett’s division and one of Gen Hood’s brigades had marched north to reinforce Marye Heights. Gen Griffin’s division renewed the attack at 3:30 p. m. , followed by Gen Humphrey’s division at 4 p. m. At dusk, Gen Getty’s division assaulted from the east and was repulsed. Gen Burnside sent six Union Divisions in, virtually one brigade at a time, for sixteen individual charges, all of which failed, costing them from 6,000 to 8,000 casualties. Watching the carnage from the center of his line, a position now known as Lee’s Hill, Gen Lee quoted as saying, â€Å"It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it. The action on the heights also included the charge of the Irish Brigade, which lost 50% of its strength in the battle but advanced further up the heights than any other Union Brigade. Confederate losses at Marye Heights totaled around 1,200. The falling of darkness and the pleas of Gen Burnside’ s subordinates were enough to put an end to the attacks. Gen Longstreet later wrote, â€Å"The charges had been desperate and bloody, but utterly hopeless. † Thousands of Union soldiers spent the cold December night on the fields leading to the Heights, unable to move or assist the wounded because of Confederate fire. The armies remained in position throughout the day on December 14, when Gen Burnside briefly considered leading his old IX Corps in one final attack on Marye Heights, but with the suggestions of many of his officers, he reconsidered and abandoned his campaign sending his troops to northern bank of the Rappahannock River. That afternoon, Burnside asked Lee for a truce to attend to his wounded, which Lee graciously granted. The next day the Federal forces retreated across the river, and the campaign ended. SIGNIFICANCE 1. Short Term: The Battle at Fredericksburg clearly showed how disastrous the Union Army Tactics were; President Abraham Lincoln relieved Gen Burnside of command a month after this battle. 2. Long Term: This was a major victory for the Army of Northern Virginia and costly to the Army of the Potomac. Many believe that Gen Lee lost his best chances to destroy the Gen Burnside’s forces at Fredericksburg. Overall, the loss broke the morale of the Army of the Potomac and showed a weakness in the indecisiveness and lack of imagination in part of Gen Burnside. ANALYSIS Gen Burnside failed to achieve the tenant of Initiative and his overall objective of destroying the enemy forces securing the town of Fredericksburg because he violated the Principle of Security and the Battle Operating System of Intelligence. The bulk of his forces fought to cross the river and very few were concerned with providing suppressive fire for the unit crossing. Gen Lee’s forces upon making contact with what he believed to be the enemies fleeing main force at Devil’s Swamp, he committed himself to battle without pausing to use his cavalry to reconnoiter the country. Gen Lee used his CCavalry Troops conducted rereconnaissancecon’d to the east and west of the Rappahannock marshy lowlandsRiver;, an action that gave him an extreme advantage into witnessing the movement of Gen Burnside’s forceswhich might have permitted him to cross unmolested at a point up or downstream from the swamp. Thus, outflanking Culpepper and forcing him to withdraw without an opportunity to spring his cleverly crafted trap. The use of the terrain also gave Gen Lee a clear advantage as the Rappahannock River and extended entrenchments gave Gen Burnside’s forces great difficulty. For his part, Brigadier CulpepperGen Lee effectively adhered to the Principles of Maneuver, Mass, and Economy of Force. Through the Tenant of Synchronization, these factors combined to create the culminating Principle of Surprise. Outnumbered and outgunned, he realized that he could not achieve his objective of ascertaining Morgan’s Gen Burnside’s force and denying it control of the rail and road junction, as well as Yearlingvilletown of Fredericksburg, by engaging in a conventional battle on anything approaching even terms he used unconventional tactics to achieve his goal. He possessed a clear understanding of what he had to accomplish and how he had to do so. He Gen Lee employed Maneuver and Mass of critical combat power at the decisive time and place while making effective use of both the weak and strong points of the units he led. By marring Morgan in the swampsstalling Burnside’s movement across the river, he placed his enemy in a position of disadvantage. He shifted the battle to one where he positioned his massed combat power into a fixed enemy whose only option was to sink and die discontinue its efforts of seizing the town of Fredericksburg and retreat to the north side of the Rappahannock River. Culpepper Gen Lee exercised effective Synchronization and Economy of Force, deftly controlling the movements and fires of the disparate elements of his force in accordance with the elements of an intelligently conceived and workable plan of action in order to bring about the desired combat power at the decisive point. His employment of his cavalry, guerrillas, and militia reflected a thorough thought process of utilizing each element in ana precisely orchestrated maneuver exact orchestration to achieve the desired effect of ousting the Army of the Potomac from the town of Fredericksburg back to the northern banks of the Rappahannock River. uring Morgan’s troops into the killing field of overwhelming force. His exploitation of Union Forces weaknesses in decisive movement and execution of a sound plan display Gen Lee’s his Seminole scouts’ superior knowledge of critical terrain features while denying the enemy the opportunity to effectively reconnoiter the same gro und gave the critical element of Surprise once the battle was opened in accordance with the time, place and circumstances of his own choosing. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 23 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991 P. 121 Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1991, P. 122 O’Reilly, Francis Augustin, The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock, Louisiana State University Press, 2003, P. 148 Goolrick, William K. and the Editors of Time-Life Books, Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville, Time-Life Books, 1985, P. 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY FM 3-0 Operations. Washington, D. C. : Headquarters Department of the Army, 2001. Goolrick, William K. Rebels Resurgent: Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville. Time-Life Books, 1985. Kennedy, Frances H. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. Luvaas, Jay and Nelson, Harold W. The U. S. A rmy War College Guides to the Battles of Chancellorsville Fredericksburg. Lawrence: the University Press of Kansas, 1994. Mitchell, Joseph B. Decisive Battles of the Civil War. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1955. O’Reilly, Francis Augustin. The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock. Louisiana State University Press, 2003. Palfrey, Francis W. The Army in the Civil War: The Antietam Fredericksburg. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1885. Parish, Peter J. The American Civil War. New York: Holmes Meier Publishers, Inc, 1991. Stackpole, Edward J. Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvannia: Stackpole Books, 1991. How to cite Battle of Frediericksburg Analysis, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Superdiverse Repertoires and Individual - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Superdiverse Repertoires and Individual. Answer: Introduction The following paper discusses about the fact of the intercultural communication in the entire world. This has become one of the most common traits in the modern day world. The different cultures are coming closer to each other because of the needs for their professions. They are coming closer and the barriers are getting slashed by the integration of the immigrants and the emigrants. The author of the article has blended the ideas of the intercultural communication very well. He has focused on the various factors like the citizenship, dis-citizenship, sociological mixing between the two kinds of cultures and the process of registering and enregistering. The provide article for this paper named as Citizenship, Language and Superdiversity: Towards Complexity written by Jan Blommaert has brought out the different aspects on the said topics. Language is the one barrier that had been separated the different sections of mankind residing in different zones of the world[1]. However, this is the very reason that language has become the one common medium to communicate with the different language speaking people. It has also helped to mitigate the diversity that had existed in the world till date. The sociolinguistic transformations in the different sections of the society have unified the different layers of social status. He has also argued the Internet has become one of the mediums that have helped to bring the different language speaking people closer to one another. The virtual world created by the internet has developed the communication technology all over the world [2] The social life has been redesigned by the introduction of the internet and the various other communication technologies [3] The complexity in these fields has been increasing altogether because the people have become quite complex in their mindset and critical thinking abilities. According to the author, the vertical patterns of the stratification and rest restratification have been the components of the historic and dynamic processes in the world [4] Summarization of the main key points The main and key points that have been focused in this article are the citizenship and dis-citizenship, the processes and norms in the social change, the emergence of the technological advancement through internet, the transformation of the mindset of the school children, the institutionalized sociolinguistic face of the citizenship has been evolving in the past few years in a large way [5] The concept of citizenship in the traditional manner has been outsmarted by the new notions as the national boundaries can no longer constrain the people of the different countries. The factor of immigration has a lot to do in this case because the need for the development of the social environments which are full of superdiversity is of immense. The people who come to other countries permanently need to develop their skills in a large way because they need to adjust themselves to that modern society and cultural environment. The immigrant has to face a very critical life in the country that they immigrate in. This eventually turns out to be a challenge for them. They have to adjust to the new language and education modes, gender, labor and almost in any kind of things. The polycentric nature of the citizens is something to be focused on. The people who live in this polycentric environment have to co-exist with the people currently living in these situations. The immigrating people have to integrate within the polycentric environment as they have no other choice. The sociolinguistic factors will be of immense importance since the immigrants are settling in from different regions of the world. The reason for such a polycentric environment in the society has been created of superdiversity. Examples to support the points of the author The author has put up some clear examples how these sociolinguistic influence, superdiversity factors and other mentioned things have taken place. He has given the example that the condition of the young Muslim women in the West has been one of the polycentric social environments [6] The people who already live in those polycentric environments think that the immigrants will very easily integrate into every niche of the society. This is very tough indeed since they cannot adjust to those situations in a very short notice. The author cited the example of the hijab that is an inseparable part of the Muslim culture [7] The people of the host society think that the immigrated people will very easily integrate with the dominant values of their society as well as with the religious values of the diaspora [8] The matters and issues that the author has incorporated within the article discuss about the many things like that of the citizenship and dis-citizenship. It is very easily comprehensible that the political dynamics of the host countries and their cultures have a huge impact on the sociolinguistic factors of the host countries. The experts, legislators and decision makers of those polycentric environments have to adjust to the different aspects of the complexity in the social and cultural environments [9] It is a very complex thing to integrate the immigrant people within that category of the polycentric environment. The factor of imagination is one of the most important things in this facet because imagination of the people of the host countries and their point of view towards the immigrant decide upon the facor how they might be treated. These things create huge impacts because the linguistic resources make the integration into the host countries makes it easier for the immigrants to settle in and spread the communicative competencies through strong mediums through internet. Conclusion In conclusion to this paper, it can be said that the factors of language, communication technology and other important things have a huge impact on the understanding of the superdiverse environment. The immigrant people have to make a lot of adjustments to make in the country they are settling in. it is the duty of the host people to make such important adjustments through proper communication and adjust with the polycentric environments. References Agha, Asif.Language and social relations. No. 24. Cambridge University Press, 2007. Blommaert, J. M. E., and P. K. Varis. "How to'how to'?: The prescriptive micropolitics of hijabista." (2012). Blommaert, Jan, and Ad Backus. "Superdiverse repertoires and the individual."Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies24 (2012). Blommaert, Jan.The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Mller, Janus Spindler, and Jens Normann Jrgensen. "Enregisterment among adolescents in superdiverse Copenhagen."Tilburg papers in culture studies28 (2012): 1-15. Rampton, Ben.Language in late modernity: Interaction in an urban school. Vol. 22. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Spotti, Massimiliano. "Ideologies of Success for Superdiverse Citizens: the Dutch Testing Regime for Integration and the Online Private Sector."Diversities13.2 (2011). Vertovec, Steven. "Super-diversity and its implications."Ethnic and racial studies30.6 (2007): 1024-1054. Vertovec, Steven. "Towards post?multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversity."International social science journal61.199 (2010): 83-95.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Why Ironman Is a Better Superhero Than Batman free essay sample

Throughout his acting career, he has won more than enough awards to last him a lifetime. He has won awards like the â€Å"Best Performance by an Actor† at the Golden Globes, to the â€Å"Man of the Year† at the Hasty Pudding Theatricals. As for Batman, due to the many interpretations of the story throughout these years, it’s difficult for me to keep up with even what the actors’ name is. Not to mention, whomever the 50 actors were who played Batman probably aren’t even half as good looking as Robert Downey Jr. Iron Man and Batman are both superheroes with no actual powers. Bruce Wayne, the first, hidden half of Batman, and Tony Stark, the brilliant man behind that Iron suit are both extremely wealthy men. They have chosen to make good use of their wealth and take advantage of all their money to help save the world. In other words, because they weren’t born with superpowers like most comical heroes, they had enough money to literally invent their own powers. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Ironman Is a Better Superhero Than Batman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, disregarding their slight similarities, Iron Man is, and foremost, a much greater superhero than Batman. Let’s start with their laboratories—where all the magic happens. Iron Man has not only an amazing lab, but also his house itself is breathtaking. Who wouldn’t adore a multi-million, if not, multi-billion dollar house overlooking Malibu, literally hanging over a cliff? And, from my understanding, Tony Stark actually built his house himself. Back to the point, his lab is spacious, it’s modern, high in technology—I mean, for crying out loud, he built a computer-based assistant who’s just as smart as he is. Nowadays, technology is such a massive part of everyone’s lives. Today, that is what’s going to get you somewhere in life. Batman, on the other hand, after all these years, is still in a cave. Someone needs to remind Batman that he isn’t actually a bat. He is a billionaire; why not use his billion dollars to build himself a decent lab? His house is secluded enough; it’s pretty much in the middle of nowhere. This isn’t the 60s, Mr. Wayne. We have new technology in the 21st century. Make us of it. Secondly, their superhero suits. Let’s not forget that the purpose of having a suit is not only to make a bold statement, but to protect themselves. Iron Man’s suit is made of Iron; hence, his name. It’s built with all these high technology devices and weapons integrated into it, it talks to him whenever he’s in battle and needs assistance, and his suits are literally made just for him. They’re programmed to fit only Tony Stark, unless addressed otherwise by him. Batman’s suit is elastic. He’s better off painting a ballerinas’ leotard and tights black and wearing that. His initial defense against a gunshot would be a cartwheel or a simple whole-body swing, but Iron Man doesn’t even need to move. His suit protects him, which is how it’s supposed to be. Batman has to carry his weapons around in the little holes on his black-turned ballerina costume, and his only assistance remains at home—Alfred. Evidently, Batman just isn’t as practical as Iron Man is. Thirdly, Iron Man has better fighting tactics than Batman. Yes, he commits several killings, but he only kills the bad guys—the people who are harming us and do the world worse than they do well. He kills them and everyone walks away, that’s it. Batman is too scared to kill anyone. In a nutshell, what Batman does to his enemies and the bad guys is hurt them, make them feel a little pain here and there, and then send them home to their wives and kids, all beat up. And do they return? Yes. All of the people Batman has fought end up coming back and fighting him again. There is always that aftershock. This brings me to my last point: Iron Man never brought hell on earth. Sure, he blew up a field of terrorists, but he paid for it—literally. All the weapons he blew up with those terrorist were all his. The worst collateral damage was the Stark Industries, which was fine with him, he could just build everything all over again. Batman casted thousands and thousands of innocent people to a death-filled hell on earth. While he was in a nasty prison doing yoga and 100 push-ups with that, his people were dying. I understand that he had to gain his strength back, but if he were as smart as Iron Man, he could just swing his arms and his suits would fly over to him, and he could’ve gotten himself out of their in a matter of minutes. Instead, he waited months and months. Batman just isn’t very smart about this whole superhero thing. The bottom line is, because Batman just isn’t as practical with his money or his life, and his head hasn’t quite snapped into the 21st century yet, Iron Man, objectively, is a better superhero. He is smart, he is funny, he is good-looking, and overall, he just knows what to do. If you’re going to live a double life as a superhero, you have to be concrete. Let’s face it; Batman isn’t concrete. He is literally stretchy. Even Hannah Montana leads a better double-life than Batman does, or at least she’s smart about her other identity.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Real School Issues That Negatively Impact Learning

Real School Issues That Negatively Impact Learning Schools face several issues daily that negatively impact student learning. Administrators and teachers work hard to overcome these challenges, but it is often difficult. Regardless of the strategies schools implement, there are some factors that will likely never be eliminated. However, schools must do their best to minimize the impact these issues have while maximizing student learning. Educating students is a difficult challenge because there are so many natural obstacles that hinder learning.   Not every school will face all of the challenges discussed, though the majority of schools across the country face more than one of these issues. The overall makeup of the community surrounding the school has a significant impact on the school itself. Schools facing a large portion of these issues will not see significant internal changes until external issues are addressed and changed within the community. Many of these issues can be deemed as societal issues, which can be nearly impossible for schools to overcome. Bad Teachers The vast majority of teachers are effective at their job, sandwiched in between the great teachers and the bad teachers. While bad teachers represent a small percentage of educators, they are often the ones who generate the most publicity. For the majority of teachers, this is frustrating because most work hard every day to ensure that their students receive a quality education with little fanfare. A bad teacher can set a student or group of students back considerably. They can create significant learning gaps making the next teacher’s job that much harder. A bad teacher can foster an atmosphere full of discipline issues and chaos establishing a pattern that is extremely difficult to break. Finally and perhaps most devastatingly, they can shatter a student’s confidence and overall morale. The effects can be disastrous and nearly impossible to reverse. This is the reason that administrators must ensure that they make smart hiring decisions. These decisions must not be taken lightly. Of equal importance is the teacher evaluation process. Administrators must use the evaluation system to make informed decisions when retaining teachers year after year. They cannot be afraid to put in the necessary work required to dismiss a bad teacher who will damage students in the district. Discipline Issues Discipline issues cause distractions, and distractions add up and limit learning time. Every time a teacher has to handle a discipline issue, she loses valuable instructional time. In addition, each time a student is sent to the office on a discipline referral that student loses valuable instruction time. Any discipline issue will result in the loss of instruction time, which limits a student’s learning potential. Teachers and administrators must be able to minimize these disruptions. Teachers can do this by providing a structured learning environment and engaging students in exciting, dynamic lessons that captivate them and keep them from being bored. Administrators must create well-written policies that hold students accountable. They should educate parents and students on these policies. Administrators must be firm, fair, and consistent when dealing with any student discipline issue. Lack of Funding Funding has a significant impact on student performance. A lack of funding typically leads to larger class sizes and less technology and curriculum materials, and the more students a teacher has, the less attention he can pay to individual students. This can become significant when you have a class full of 30 to 40 students at varying academic levels. Teachers must be equipped with engaging tools covering the standards they are required to teach. Technology is a tremendous academic tool, but it is also pricey to purchase, maintain, and upgrade. The curriculum in general continuously changes and needs to be updated, but most states curriculum adoption runs in five-year cycles. At the end of each five-year cycle, the curriculum is totally outdated and physically worn out. Lack of Student Motivation Many students simply do not care about attending school or putting in the effort necessary to maintain their grades. It is extremely frustrating to have a pool of students who are only there because they have to be. An unmotivated student may initially be on grade level, but she will fall behind only to wake up one day and realize it is too late to catch up. A teacher or administrator can only do so much to motivate a student: Ultimately, it is up to the student as to whether she decides to change. Unfortunately, there are many students in schools nationally with tremendous potential who choose not to live up to that standard. Over Mandating Federal and state mandates are taking their tolls on school districts across the country. There are so many new requirements each year that schools do not have the time or resources to implement and maintain them all successfully. Most of the mandates are passed with good intentions, but the spacing of these mandates puts schools in a bind. They are often underfunded or unfunded and require a lot of extra time that could be spent in other critical areas.  Schools do not have enough time and resources to fulfill many of these new mandates. Poor Attendance Students cant learn if they arent at school.  Missing just 10 days of school each year from kindergarten to 12th grade adds up to missing almost an entire school year by the time they graduate. Some students have the ability to overcome poor attendance, but many who have a chronic attendance problem fall behind and stay behind. Schools must hold students and parents accountable for consistent excessive absences and should have a solid attendance policy in place that specifically addresses excessive absences. Teachers cannot do their jobs if students are not required to show up every day. Poor Parental Support Parents are typically the most influential people in every aspect of a child’s life. This is especially true when it comes to education. Typically, if the parents value education, their children will be academically successful. Parental involvement is essential to educational success. Parents who provide their children with a solid foundation before school begins and stay involved throughout the school year will reap the benefits as their children become successful. By contrast, parents who are minimally involved with their child’s education have a significant negative impact. This can be extremely frustrating for teachers and makes for a  continuous uphill battle. Many times, these students are behind when they start school due to a lack of exposure, and it is extremely difficult for them to catch up. These parents believe it is the school’s job to educate and not theirs when in actuality there needs to be a dual partnership for the child to be successful Poverty Poverty has a significant impact on student learning. There has been much research to support this premise. Students living in affluent, well-educated homes and communities are far more academically successful, while those living in poverty are typically behind academically. Poverty is a difficult obstacle to overcome. It follows generation after generation and becomes the accepted norm, which makes it almost impossible to break. Though education is a significant part of breaking the grip of poverty, most of these students are so far behind academically that they will never get that opportunity. Shift in Instructional Focus When schools fail, administrators and teachers almost always take the brunt of the blame. This is somewhat understandable, but the responsibility of educating should not fall solely on the school. This deferred shift in educational responsibility is one of the greatest reasons for a perceived decline in public schools across the United States. Teachers are doing a far superior job of educating their students today than they ever have been. However, the time spent teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic has been significantly decreased due to increased demands and responsibilities to teach many things that used to be taught at home. Any time you add new instructional requirements you take away time spent on something else. The time spent in school has rarely increased, yet the burden has fallen to schools to add courses such as sex education and personal financial literacy into their daily schedule without an increase in time to do so. As a result, schools have been forced to sacrifice critical time in the core subjects to ensure that their students are being exposed to these other life skills.

Friday, November 22, 2019

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide

An Ace Cause and Effect Essay Complete Guide Cause and Effect Essay Topics Definition of a Cause and Effect Essay All objects, events and phenomena – everything in this world is connected. Some connections are obvious for us, but we do not even have an idea about many of them. Even if it’s not visible or obvious in the beginning, every cause has its outcomes. One of the written tasks for a student is a cause and effect essay. When designing one, a student has to describe one event/object/phenomenon and present its outcomes. In our guide you will find useful tips on how to write an ace cause and effect essay. The goal of this kind of essay is to help the student develop their analytical skills. It is done through exploration and analysis of a given decision or event and definition of its results. It means that your essay should be logically structured, and show that you know a lot about the topic you write about. Through this essay students express the connection between different things. A student is to provide the process of how a decision/phenomenon/event influences the writer themselves, other people, and other events. When writing a cause and effect essay a student not only has to describe the cause and its effects but also answer two questions Why? and How?. Skills Students Develop When Writing a Cause and Effect Essay Every task has its purpose. Not always writing an essay is a pleasure. Quite often students do it just because they have to do it. However, the execution of this task will give you benefits not only in the form of a good grade. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you develop a number of skills: Writing skills. The more you write, the more efforts you invest in your work, the better you become. Organizational skills. If you approach things you need to do when you are organized you do them better. Writing this essay you will help yourself become more organized. How? You learn how to organize the information you have in a logical order. You may have lots of different effects of one event, but you need to put them in the right sequence, define the level of their significance. Such an approach will help your reader understand the subject better. Accuracy about details. Being attentive to details helps us in many situations. When you deal with a cause and effect essay you do not need to describe things obvious for everyone. You should aim at going deeper into details and notice what others cannot see. This will make your essay extremely interesting. Objective thinking. When you write a cause and effect essay you should put your emotions and your personal attitudes away. Thinking objectively is what you should do completing this task – providing facts and their reasonable outcomes. What to Write About Same like other types of essays, this one can tell about anything in our world. Things, people, events, actions that surround you every day can become a great topic for your cause and effect essay. Everything has its reasons and outcomes and it means you are unlimited in your choice of topic. Some of the areas of interest include: events in the world historical events politics social life ecological issues technologies relationships between people family life education healthcare science Cause and Effect Essay Structure Despite essays may have different goals and styles, all of them have a certain structure. Structure is what helps the writer distribute the entire information logically, highlight key points and make the essay easy to read. The structure includes introductory part, body part and conclusion. Being aware of the essay structure helps students compiling an outline of their paper. Outline or a plan helps to keep strict to the topic of your essay and provide information in the right order. A typical outline for a cause and effect essay contains: Introductory part in which you should strive to attract the attention of your audience, describe the topic you will be talking further and present the benefits of your audience from reading your essay. In this part you give your thesis. Body where you provide causes and effects of the event/phenomenon you write about. This is central and biggest in volume part of your essay. You should normally divide into several paragraphs. Their number would depend on the quantity of facts you have. It is possible to use different approaches: first, you name causes first and provide their effects afterwards; second, you give one cause and its outcome, and so on. Conclusive part. This is last but not the least part in your cause and effect essay. This is the last thing your readers will read in your essay this is why it should be written well to leave a good impression. In conclusion you summarize everything you said before, indicate the significance of your topic, and insert call for action. Different Outlines It should be obvious for you by now that making a good outline is the direct path to writing a winning composition. All the parts of the essay should be logically linked and have good reasoning. Depending on the essay topic and the materials you have your outlines can be different. Multiple Causes Lead to One Outcome If the event you describe had multiple causes that all together lead to one outcome, your essay outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 cause 2 cause 3 (or more) Effects Conclusive part Example: Topic: Poor sanitation, disease and undercooked food as causes of diarrhea. The outcomes can be different: from intoxication to death. One Cause Leads to Many Outcomes Quite often students are asked to describe one event/decision/phenomenon that caused multiple effects. I this case the outline should be as follows: Introductory part Body part: effect 1 effect 2 cause 3 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: Corruption in government leads to country’s overborrowing. The results can be many: decrease in wages, increase in taxes, increased cost of living, etc. Multiple Causes Lead to Multiple Outcomes Another format of this type of essay when the topic a student has to describe had multiple reasons that lead to multiple effects. Such essays can be rather difficult to write because a student has to be much focused on the details, stick to logical structure and not miss anything important. In this case the outline will be as follows: Introductory part Body part: cause 1 effect 1 leading to cause 2 effect 2 leading to cause 3 effect 3 leading to cause 4 (or more) Conclusive part Example: Topic: A large number of road accidents are caused by drunken drivers. The effects can be multiple: road accident may lead to death of people, their death will cause their relatives to grief. Another line of outcomes is that drunken drivers may be fined, imprisoned. Another line of outcomes is the damage to the vehicle. Tips for Writing a Winning Cause and Effect Essay Obtaining new skills and talking on the subject you like can be cool. However, process of composing a cause and effect composition causes stress in many students. The tips below will help you stay cool and ease the writing process: Differentiate between cause and effect. It is unlikely you will not be able to differentiate between causes and effects, but still give it a minute to see what the catalyst is and what the consequences are. Conduct research. Whatever your topic is, no matter how good you know it, you have to conduct research. Read additional information, find out the opinion of other authors on this topic, try to expand your limits and look at the issue at different angle. Logical connections. The effects you provide have to be strongly and directly connected to the causes. If you are uncertain and there are no proofs of the connection between an effect and a cause it is better to leave it. Make quality your preference. Analyze the depth and strength of the link between a cause and effect. If it is vague, do not include it in your essay. It is better to write less but give good support to your words, than pile lots of information without good reasoning. Choose your method. The methods of presenting information were provided above. See what kind of information you have, what type of event/phenomenon/decision you describe, thus you will be able to present information in logical order. Transit from one point to another smoothly. Remember, all the parts of your essay should be connected between each other. Transition words will help you make the transition smooth: because, due to, resulting from this, etc. Provide proofs. All your words should be supported by good evidences. It is not enough just to say this effect was caused by this. Do not exaggerate. Do not try to increase the impact of your essay by exaggeration. Provide only proven facts. Put emotions away. In a cause and effect essay you should not provide your personal attitude to something. The aim is to provide facts and stay objective about your judgment. Stick to your purpose. When you write a cause-effect composition your aim is providing your audience with the information about effects of a certain cause/causes. You should not try to pursue your reader in certain point of view. Winning Topics for a Cause and Effect Essay In some cases topic for essays are provided by supervisors. However, quire often students are free to come up with the topics on their own. This can be a bit stressful, this is why we have prepared a list of winning topics in different subjects. Good Topics What causes voter apathy? What are the effects of parents divorce on a child? Can relationships be affected by abortion? What are the reasons for poverty in America? What makes obesity increase in the US? Do violent video games affect children’s psyche? What are the effects of being addicted to sports? Why more and more students drop education and what it will lead to? Why people spend more money on online shopping? What is the impact of technologies on human society? What effects does feminism have on marriage? What causes air pollution of what are the consequences? Relationships and Family What are the reasons for cheating on your partner? What can living together before marriage lead to? How does growing up in a one-parent family affect us? What is the impact of spending holidays together for family relationships? Destructive relationships between siblings: causes and effects Environment Is there one decisive factor for environment changes? Does human intrusion into nature have positive or negative effect on our planet? What causes climatic catastrophes? Human intrusion on planet: good or bad? What are the possible consequences of global warming? Social Life How is community affected by frequent violence? Is real life communication influenced by social networks? Why there are so many poor people in big cities? What effect does lack of freedom have on people? Living in poor housing: possible effects Technology How is youth affected by internet? How modern technologies influence kids? How useful is it to apply modern technologies in the study process? What impact does progress have on environment? What helped Japan develop so fast? Education What effect will have changing of major subject during the study process? What are the effects of becoming a top student? What will happen if a student fails an exam? What happens if a student gets caught cheating at exam? Why should students be involved in extra curriculum activities? Health How is our general health affected by our diet? Should teenagers be vaccinated? How is it to have smallpox when you are adult? What does long-term smoking lead to? If you don’t sleep during your preparations for exams what are the possible effects? Food How eating seafood does effects our health? What are the benefits of being a vegetarian? What are the outcomes of eating a lot of fast food? What are the outcomes of eating food with GMO? What causes loss of appetite? Culture Why are comedies so popular? What impact has listening to favourite music on us? Free music download: outcomes for a singer What are the possible effects of addiction to video games? Get Help with Writing Your Essay Writing your cause and effect essay does not have to make you stressed. Modern technologies help to make the process much simpler. Topic Generators If you are to chose your own topic for your essay you don’t have to browse for hours on internet to search for something interesting. You can use platforms where you will easily find topic either by different categories, by alphabet or keyword. Essay Templates There are platforms where you can find a lot of successful essay samples. Looking through several samples will help you arrange everything in your head and get a better idea of what and how you should write. Essay Checker When your essay is done, you need to check it for uniqueness. Your teacher will definitely do it to make sure you did not copy the essay from somewhere. There are websites where you can do the plagiarism checking. Essay Writing Services Reliable professional writing service has a team of cool writers who know everything about essays, are experts in their areas, and possess necessary skills for writing. At Tutoriage we have the best writers who will write your essay from scratch and assist you until it is accepted by your teacher. Essay Editing Tutoriage provides editing services for students who have written their essays and need a professional opinion, want to have possible mistakes corrected. Our editors and proofreaders will correct spelling, grammar, lexical mistakes, improve style and formatting.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Write a short case study outlining the essence of the new proposed Assignment

Write a short case study outlining the essence of the new proposed business venture - Assignment Example In this regard, this business plan shall bring out the structure and design of the operation of this venture, complete with the financials. This plan has borrowed the operational structure and operating procedure from the business plan of Gordon Food Service, a healthcare food service provider. Gordon Food Service inspection for compliance with state and federal law on hygiene, controls the cost of food service, undertakes training on food services and food safety. The vision of the New York Food Truck company is to be the biggest food truck company in the city. The spread of this venture to other states will be considered upon its success in the state of New York. The mission is to be a reliable partner in providing healthy food services to the busy working population. In so doing, the company will be able to successfully provide healthy solutions and contribute to building a healthy society, while at the same time providing jobs to many unemployed persons. The New York Food Truck Company shall have one control point from where all orders and assignments shall be taken. It would take an approximate 10 trucks to be able to serve the entire city. Each truck shall have a driver and a sales person driving to places around the city with high traffic of people. Upon identifying a safe parking spot, the trucks will then be opened to sell food to the members of the public. Each truck will be fitted with food heating devices, and the food will be made from the kitchen at the premises. In order to ensure hygiene, the food shall be packed in treated containers that will only be unpacked at the point of sale. The company shall hire a chef to make the food with utmost professionalism. The food is meant to be highly nutritious, and so a nutritionist shall be consulted to work out the proportions of the food. The truck staff shall be trained on hygienic practices to ensure the food is not contaminated. In addition to that, there

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Research methods used in evidence based practice Essay

Research methods used in evidence based practice - Essay Example Other investigations concerning the problems of the nursing field, and ways to implement evidence-based practices in other areas are used to supplement this comparison. It is not in doubt that these procedures are effective, this article explores additional means to expand these practices more thoroughly throughout the clinical profession. Introduction In the interests of the nursing profession, the term evidence-based practice is a relatively recent development. The term represents the new framework for the medical field in general representing the logical culmination of scientific principles essential to the foundations of modern medicine. But the term itself was first described in the work of the evidence-based medicine working group in the early 1990s (Cullum et al. 2007). For all areas of human endeavor with any intersect with the material or biological sciences and evidentiary area approach is the fundamental precept that permits reliable scientific progress as an alternative t o superstitious or intuitive practices predating the advent of the scientific method. In addressing this theme a patient safety research article from Berland and colleagues (2012) will be subject to examination. The article itself focuses on a specific tasks relative to the healthcare profession, providing a direct analysis utilizing evidence-based practice. Primarily, this article will address the specific research findings of Berland and colleagues (2012) , who conducted a study on the experiences of homecare nurses in the area of patient safety. This is an example of evidence-based practices applied to resolve the specific issue of patient safety. Pursuant to an exploration of this article, additional background will be given on evidence-based medical practices in general. Before the modern movement towards evidence-based practice, similarly related terms such as evidence-based medicine (Beyea & Slattery, 2006) described the fundamental approach of utilizing scientific evidence a s the primary assumption needed to identify the most efficacious treatment strategies based on the objective appraisal of the physical facts pertaining to the case at hand. Qualitative Overview During any research project, executive decisions must be made concerning the best strategy by which to derive conclusions from the available information. There are two principle categories of data that are meaningful in terms of human interactions and endeavor: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative information is primarily numerical, using ratio-level data that allows precision calculations often of physical phenomenon. It is essential for mechanistic processes involving functions or forces that can be duplicated or replicated. This stands in contrast to qualitative data. Qualitative data reflects findings relating to social interactions or behavioral motivations that do not immediately entail numerical representation. Qualitative findings often use ordinal or normative information in or der to draw behavioral conclusions. Many of the issues relevant to this article are dependent upon behavior and human interactions, such as questions of leadership and responsibility. These functions of behavior are not amenable to hard numerical data under most circumstances, and therefore a qualitative approach is most useful for the type of research included in this analysis. For the Berland study, the first line of the Methods

Saturday, November 16, 2019

PLato and Education Essay Example for Free

PLato and Education Essay Plato was the earliest most important Greek Philosopher and educational thinker. Plato thinks education as a key for a society and he stress on education, for this purpose he want to go to the extreme level even removing children from their mothers and rise them by the state, he want to identify the skills of the children and give them proper education for that particular skill which they have so they could be become a suitable member of the society and fulfil their duty in society. Plato want to a search for intelligent and gifted children in the whole society, Platos don’t belief that talent belong to a limited class therefore he stress on education for all so the talented children get the chance to shine. Plato contributed a lot in the form of ideas and it inspired his follower to find new ways for education and training of the children. In fact Plato himself did not contribute directly to science and mathematics but he stress on these subjects, his philosophy of education influenced the developments of these subjects in centuries to come. In the philosophy of Plato we can see some signs of the philosophy of Socrates; However Plato covered the major aspects of philosophy discussed today. Plato was born in an upper class family in Athens; he was interested in political career, but after the death of his teacher Socrates Plato pursues his teacher philosophy. For the purpose of education Plato travel to Egypt and Italy, there he learnt mathematics. After returning home he established an Academy, to teach moral values to the elite youth of Athens to make them better leaders of the society. Plato shows his ability of writing in different fields; ethics, music, drama, poetry, metaphysics, dance, architecture which are the ideal forms of Government. Contribution of Plato in scientific subject is little but his ideas on education inspired his followers to explore new dimension in education. Plato writes in his book Let us describe the education of our men. What then is the education to be? Perhaps we could hardly find a better than that which the experience of the past has already discovered, which consists, I believe, in gymnastic, for the body, and music for the mind. Plato not only consider better education for men but also believe on strong body and sound mind, for body he recommend sports and for sound mind music. Plato †No man should bring children into the world, who is unwilling to persevere to the end in their nature and education. † EDUCATIONAL THEORIES OF PLATO Education for All Plato want every boy and girl educated to it limit. State Education Education should be provided by the state not by parents. Organization and Curriculum. Plato curriculum was consist of gymnastic and music, where in gymnastic include physical training and music used in broad term for dram, history, oratory and music in real term, he define different stages for the organization and curriculum; 1. Elementary School Co-education at elementary level and teach them mathematics, poetry, music and literature till the age of eighteen years. 2. Military Training After elementary education two years of Physical education should be given to them and select best of them for higher education; to prepare for the future guardians of the state. 3. Higher Education Higher education should be given from twenty to thirty-five years of age, he well study the subjects at this stage mathematics, literature and philosophy. Later on he would be opponent at a minor administrative position to get experience for the future more important governing positions. â€Å"The object of education is to turn the eye which the soul already possesses to the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding. † -(Plato’s Republic, Book vii, 518) Nothing was more important to Plato in human life as education. He considers education the greatest thing in human life as he mention in his book â€Å"the one great thing†. Plato’s Theory of education was an indispensable necessity for mankind. It was a positive remedy for the problems and operation of justice in an ideal state. Women Education Plato also emphases on women education, he consider the same kind of education for women. Women should the same physical and educational training; they should know the art of war. The main aim of Plato was that each member of the society should undertake his work and responsibilities. Plato believed that women are equal to men and that, although some women are physically smaller or weak, some women are physically equal to men therefore those women who are physically strong should be allowed to learn the same skills that men do. In his book Republic Plato describes how male and female receive the same education and be given the same duties in society as given to the male member. These people are the ones who will be in charge his republic which would be an ideal society, where philosophers are kings. In other words, who know what is good for the people and for the mankind and take their decisions based on that knowledge. Teaching Methods Plato recommended play method at elementary level; student should learn by doing. And when he reached the higher level of education, his reason would be trained in the processes of thinking and abstracting. Plato wants motivation and interest in learning. He is against the use of force in education. Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. In another place he writes Do not then train youths by force and harshness, but direct them to it by what amuses their minds so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each. – Plato Plato writes in his Republic â€Å"Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind† Plato â€Å"The most effective kind of education is that a child should play amongst lovely things. † Plato wants a place where children love to go and stay there and they play with things which enhance their education by playing. Plato gives importance to nursery education, he thinks nursery education plays a vital role in the education of man, it help to build his moral character and state of mind The most important part of education is proper training in the nursery. –plato Plato think It will be hard to discover a better [method of education] than that which the experience of so many ages has already discovered, and this may be summed up as consisting in gymnastics for the body, and _music_ for the soul For this reason is a musical education so essential; since it causes Rhythm and Harmony to penetrate most intimately into the soul, taking the strongest hold upon it, filling it with _beauty_ and making the man _beautiful-minded_. The above quotation of Plato show, how he sees education, he wants the total development of a man, mind body and soul by using every possible mean. That why in another place Plato writes; But then, if I am right, certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put a knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blind eyes. They undoubtedly say this, he replied. Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good. -Platos Allegory of the Cave Exploring Platos Plato Aims of Education* To develop leader among the future rulers. * To develop hard and competent workers. * To produce leaders with military skill among the warriors. * To produce future Civil Servants of the state. The highest goal of education, Plato believed, is the knowledge of Good; to nurture a man to a better human being it is not merely an awareness of particular benefits and pleasures, Stages of Education Plato describes different stages of education in his republic. According to Plato the education of child should be start at the age of seven year and before this stage the child should stay with their mother or elders and learn moral education from them. After the age of six years both girls and boys should be separated and boys should play with boys and girls with girls and they should be taught the use of different arms to both sexes. This stage goes up to the age of seventeen years. During these years they should teach them music and early education. After the age of seventeen years the youth should be brought to battle filed to learn real life experiences. The four stages start at the age of twenty five to thirty years and in this age they get the training of Mathematical calculation and last for another ten years, after the completion the selected one’s are admitted in the study of dialect. During fifth stage they study dialect for another five years and after that, at the sixth stage one is ready to become a ruler and philosopher and the one enter in practical life. Platos View on Moral Ethics Ethics is the most important branch of philosophy. Plato especially gives attention to the moral and ethical education of the men, later on Plato gradually widened the scope of his investigations by reflecting not only on the social and political conditions of morality, but also on the logical and metaphysical presuppositions of a successful moral theory. Plato presents his ideas for an ideal society in his Republic and he provided detail about the curriculum and system of education. According to Plato the ideal society who cares for their youth and the guardian would be responsible for the moral education of their children. Every person would know his duty and his responsibility. Bibliography Annas, J. (1993). The Morality of Happiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Franck, Matthew. (n. d). Aldous Huxley’s City in Speech: Brave New World and the Republic of Plato Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, A Kahn, C. (1996). Plato and the Socratic Dialogue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Numan, M. (2003). Foundation of education. Peshawar: Umair composing center. Posted by Sultan Muhammad at 9:39.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Do Large Lecture Halls Offer a Good Learning Environment? :: Teaching Education

Do Large Lecture Halls Offer a Good Learning Environment Higher education comes in many forms, from small private colleges with one professor for every seven students, to enormous universities which utilize teaching assistants for almost all offered classes. The question I have as a student at Purdue, a university with around 35,000 students, is are large lecture halls with more than two hundred students effective places for learning to occur? When there are that many pupils in a classroom, it is nearly impossible for an instructor to take attendance. What is the motivation to attend class? Further, are students able to understand material presented in a classroom when there are hundreds more people in the classroom rustling papers, dropping pens, and whispering sarcastic comments about the lecture? In order to answer some of the above questions, I decided to study one of my largest lecture classes, Psychology 120 under Bob Melara. Class is held in an enormous lecture hall, which seats over five hundred students. In order to learn the answers, I did research for several weeks. I handed out questionnaires to other students at Purdue and observed Melara’s class for about two weeks. In addition, I interviewed Saree Strom, a student in the honors section of Psychology 120. The class of Melara’s that I studied meets every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday between 4:30 and 5:20 PM. Class is held in the giant lecture hall on the first floor of the Lily Hall of Sciences on State Street. There are about five hundred students in this section, and the seats are set up like a stadium so that each row is higher than the one below it. In addition to the regular class, the honors students meet Wednesday from 5:30 to 6:20. As honors students, their responsibilities increase to planning and leading small groups for each of the four labs that all students are required to do during the semester. There are twenty honors students in this section. The students in psychology discovered on the first day of class that the professor was a little out of the ordinary. He walked into class and announced, â€Å"Hello, my name is Robert Melara, but I am not overly fond of that name. What you refer to me as when I am not around is unimportant, but please address me only as Bob.† His hair is sort of long and shaggy, and it appears as though he never combs it.

Monday, November 11, 2019

A Journey by Colm Toibin

†A Journey† by Colm Toibin Changes is a part of every normal human life, but sometimes it doesn’t change in a direction we like. When it happens that life doesn’t working out the way we hope, it’s a natural thing that we start looking back on our past. In wonder of the things we did wrong, but also just to remember a time that felt brighter and happier. A Journey by Colm Tobin is a story that deals with a reflection about the past, and how it has affected the present. In A Journey the reflection happens in flashbacks, that the story’s main character Mary is getting on her journey from a hospital to her home.On this hospital she has picked her son who has suffered and still suffers from a deep depression. On the same time has her husband, named Seamus, just had another stroke, and is very ill. â€Å"Now Seamus was lying upstairs in that same house. The whole right side of his body was paralyzed. That scene Mary could picture more sharply than 6 0 anything. Even when she read the newspaper to him, Seamus did not seem interested. [1]† Much interests isn’t she getting from her depressed son as well, he doesn’t want to sit with her in the front seat in the car and does specifically ask her to not ask any question during their journey.Mary is therefore a lonely woman, who has to deal with a troubled present alone. A naturally reaction is to seek comfort in a brighter time in her past. She think a lot about happy memories with Seamus, her father and her son. At the same time it’s clear that she is looking back to find some kind of explanation of her misery at the same time. She can’t really find these explanations though, because she is afraid of facing what have caused the changes that have been inn he life.That we see in this quote about her son’s doctor: â€Å"He did not seem ready to answer any direct questions so Mary had asked none†. That is what she is trying to convince her self, but the truth is probably that she is afraid of the answers he might give her. A Journey is a story about life, and how we handle the change of directions we sometimes have to make on that journey. Therefore are changes a major theme. Mary has a hard time facing the problems that the changes means, and seek comfort in the comforting past. The changes Mary has a hard time ealing with is involving his family, and what she can do with them and how she has to be. That makes family-relation, by my opinion, to another important theme in the story. The way she is reflecting about changes, which she does implicit without she admits it, is through flashbacks. The story starts up in a flashback and they are well used all the way to the end. The using of flashbacks gives an improved knowledge about the head characters. In A Journey it is used to give us readers an insight in Mary and her family’s past, and therefore gives a hint of how the situation became how it did.They have a c lear contrast to the present in where the story takes place, and it creates a situation where the reader feels a sense of understanding as though he/she knows the past tense and the change and development of the different characters represented in the story. Concretely is the flashback a tool to illustrate Mary’s almost desperate attempt to maintain things how it were, before it all changed. That’s why there’s a lot of flashback to memories with her father before he died, her husband before he got sick and her son before his mood got dark and depressed.It’s also a tool to tell us about the background for her relationship with her son, be telling us why she has such a hard time connecting with him, and understand how he feels. â€Å"It was, she knew, an ill- ness, but it did not seem like one. It seemed to her like something David would not give up, a special dark gift he had been offered. Something which comforted him and which he had accepted. † T he flashbacks are used to tell us about all what’s behind immediate plot. The title of the short story refers to more than its literal journey from the hospital to home.It refers to the development with Mary’s way of dealing with things. In the very short journey from hospital to the house I’ll interpret that Mary develops, because she through the flashbacks sense the changes and by that she becomes more focused on the present and the time to come. This statement is supported by a quotation fro, the end of the story. †It was time, she thought, to let the grey appear†. Literally, she talks about stop coloring her hair blond. Figuratively, it means that she needs to face the problems and let nature do its work. She can’t hide the reality from herself anymore. ———————– [1]

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Can we leave the past behind? Essay

Within this essay I will be looking at whether we can truly leave our pasts behind or whether they remain a part of us within our present and future. My own belief is that our past is what makes us who we are today. Our experiences from childhood through to adulthood make up our coping mechanisms for future situations and even if we have dealt with issues that may arise they will still remain in our conscious and unconscious minds. Looking at the theories of Melanie Klein in Object Relations and the theory of Erik Erikson and the developmental stages we go through within our lives I aim to evaluate with my answer based on what I have learnt and understood. Looking at the theories relating to this I will look at The Psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud which is still very much used to date. However some of his followers went on to further expand his beliefs and came up with their own. One such person was Melanie Klein, who came up with Object Relations Theory. She removed the emphasis of the biological drives such as the sexual and aggressive tendencies and stressed the importance of interpersonal relationships one has with another. Melanie Klein also looked at the mother and child relationship and the early relationships the child has, primarily being family members, as the importance of the mother/child relationship and the way the child was parented would affect the adult in later life. Object Relations Theory holds the belief that we are relationship seeking individuals rather than pleasure seeking as Freud suggested, and this can be useful for exploring the clients past and any issues they have with intimacy or dependency and identity. The â€Å"object† being a person or an actual object that is significant to the individual and is where they target their feelings and intentions. The â€Å"relations† is the relationship and residues of the individuals past. Objects can be associated with good and bad, good objects fulfilling our needs and bad do not, they can also be an actual object and not another human being, and our basic instinct within adult life will be to seek out others who will reaffirm these early self-object relationships. The main significant facts from Melanie Klein’s work are the belief that the infant has, even before birth, knowledge of their mother unconsciously. The belief that there is an innerdestructive force or death instinct that Klein suggested the infant is caught up in a struggle between the forces of life and death. (2)Melanie Klein agreed with Sigmund Freud in the concept of developmental stages in early life such as the oral, anal and genital stages but said that movement from one to another was less rigid and not definite and also concluded the paranoid-schizoid and depression stages. The paranoid-schizoid stage is when the infant is between three and four months of age and when the infant has its f irst experiences of the outside world. paranoid-schizoid is both good and bad experiences split completely with no grey areas. the paranoid is the fear that the infant may feel and the schizoid being the defence the infant uses. Consistent good experiences in this stage will lead to self-acceptance and bad experiences within this stage can lead to low self-esteem within the adult life. The depressive position follows and goes into the infants second year. This is where the child may have negative emotions towards the object, such as the mother, and can cause anxiety. This can be seen in adults in later life, if they have been through this stage they may have difficulties seeing people as whole people. Unlike Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein worked directly with children using her own technique of play therapy. This enabled Klein to evaluate the children by directly communicating with them. The child is seen for a set time in the same room every week which is kept the same and unrelated items are not left in the room. The child has their own box of toys and art materials and for those younger, a sink of water is available. After the session the items are locked away ready for use the following session. There is a reliable background for the therapist to observe the child at play but this must only be done with experienced therapists as it is very hard to desist the child and there needs to be a fine balance between interaction and behaviour by the the analyst. Using Object Relations Theory in the therapy setting we are looking at building that relationship between therapist and client, which in all concepts is required. We see the needs from the Object relations of context, and focus so, the context being the nurture and security of the mother, which the client requires from us as a therapist, they require the security to feel safe and able to share their problems in a confidential environment and the nurture and care to show understanding. The client and therapist join together in a professional relationship in a way in which they can work together looking at the clients past and enabling the client to move forwards. The therapist offers themselves in a way in which is suitable for the professional relationship but enables the client to place their feelings of the ‘object’ upon them, and their therapist is able to see directly how the client relates, or where the problems lie. Working this way is called transference. The therapist is then able to analyze these feelings and relate them back to the client using countertransference but in a way which is not harmful to the client nor their working relationship. In order to work like this the therapist must make sure they have no issues themselves which could counter product the relationship. Looking at Objects Relation Theory against the title of â€Å"Can we leave the past behind? † I can see that the experiences of the child will be brought forward into later life and thus causing conflict in future situations, also the same can be said for good experiences as we hold onto these and self-actualise as an adult. Based on this theory I would say no, we can not leave the past behind, However I can only see how using this within a relationship context would be useful, I can not see how it would work within other areas of therapists work. Also the theories of Object Relations differ widely with others who have looked into this with the respect of key concepts, assumptions and principles, but does suggest that the idea signifies the systematic effort to account for personality development and pathology on the basis of internalization of relationships with others(1). Looking at another theorist, I move onto Erik Erikson. Erikson was a Freudian Ego-Psychologist who believed more in the society and cultural orientation. He accepted the works of Sigmund Freud but also stated that the developmental stages do not stop at adolescence, they continue throughout life until death, and that there is a great emphasis on the adolescence ages as he felt his stage was critical in developing a persons identity. The belief is that our personality builds on previous stages and in a predetermined order, also known as epigenetic stages. Erickson said that each stage has completion tasks and our success in one stage depends on the level of success in previous stages, if we do not have our needs met in previous stages this may hold us back for the future. If we have a bad experience within one stage this can also case maladaptive behaviours relating to it and rushing through the stages can have a huge effect on our personal growth, but completion of the tasks and success in the stages would give us a wide and integrated set of life skills and abilities that function together within the individual. Within the first stage of birth to eighteen months we learn the concepts of trust and mistrust. Having our needs met through the Freudian oral stage from feeding and meeting our basic survival needs will lead to trust but failure of this will lead to mistrust.looking at this within our lives, we needs a balance of both in order to survive. We can not completely trust the stranger who approaches us and asks for our help but we need to follow them. Our instinct would be to be cautious and whether this is putting ourselves in danger, to look at this in the ages stated, if a baby is in a situation they are fearful of, they normally cry, the pare nt would then console them and support them. When in this situation again the baby would have hope of that support again, if this is not offered the fear will remain. In this stage if we learn the right skills we would have a sense of hope to continue to the next stage. The second following on until the infant reaches three years of age, where the child learns physical skills such as toilet training. The parenting in these stages are detrimental to the success. Having rules put in place but removing the controlling part of parenting enables the child to grow and encourages self-esteem, if this is lacking , or if a bad experience occurs here then at adult stages we could see clients attending for self-esteem issues and perhaps even dependency issues. If there is success in this stage the child learns the skill of ‘will’ but failure may lead them to feel inadequate. The third stage follows until the child reaches six years of age and the importance of independence is learnt along with the consequences of their behaviour. Children will seek approval from their parents increasing their confidence and will explore more interpersonal skills through their own initiative. A healthy balance of gaining independence but also realising what could happen if something went wrong would give the child a sense of purpose. In the latency stage that follows until the child reaches twelve, then education comes into play. Learning the social skills that the world requires from them. Completion of this stages enables the child to feel accomplished but failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy. the key is to keep the child balanced. There may be other problems that arise at this stage such as bullying, or child labelling which should be looked into as this can have a detrimental impact of later stages. The peer group of the child plays a major part in their self-esteem. Success here and the child would learn competence, but in order to remain humble they need a balance of this and modesty. Within adolescence self awareness rarely exists. This is the time of relationships, sexuality, and fitting in with peers. The teenager must accomplish a sense of identity in this stage and be aware of where they fit in within their society and environment. Erikson believed there were two areas to gain an identity in one being the occupational and one being the sexual. Within this stage the individual is learning to adjust to their changing body and this ,may bring up issues of confidence within themselves. They must also learn to accept others and their differences and would learn the life skill of fidelity. From the age of nineteen to forty, being successful within these years would provide love. Growing through relationships with others and exploring these and this is where intimacy would start to be in play. We then move on to parenting ourselves. , however, we do not have to have children of our own to be successful at this stage, providing for future generativity through our work will give the person the capacity to care. There is an event which may occur at this stage, being the ‘mid life crisis’. The change from caring for I to caring for others can be frightning for some. The final stage is a time for reflection on our lives and until death, however, death can occur at any stage. This stage is about coming to terms with our lives and accepting our experiences. Erik Erikson provided us with a strong understanding of the human development within the psychology aspects, however, he was rather vague about the causes of development and what kinds of experiences we must have to succeed. There is also no explanation of how the outcome of one psychosocial stage affects personality at a later stage. Using Erik Eriksons theory we are able to determine and identify the stages that we develop certain skills and if a client approaches us with a certain issue we are able to look at this timeline and go back to those areas in the individuals life where the self esteem is in play and see what events occurred at that time. Thus really answering the question of ‘can we leave our past behind’ as doing this would state we can not if we are going back in the clients life. To summarise both Erik Erikson and Melanie Klein are looking at the clients past within their theories in order to resolve the clients presenting issues so leaving the past behind here is not an option. Through Erik Erikson we are able to locate the clients issue in the present to a certain stage in their past and take the client back to that tie in their lives to see what happened which may cause the conflict now. With Melanie Klein we are going right back to the infant and mother bonds but here we are only really looking at relationships and how the client would relate to people now. There is no option for using this on other issues the client may present with. Both of these theorists are also pointing towards the great nature versus nurture debate and stating that our behaviours are learnt through how we grow as individuals therefore being within the nurture category. Whereas other theories may look entirely at the clients presenting issue and how we can move them forward now and do not look in the past, my belief is that integrating the two as a therapist would have more beneficial outcome for the client than looking at just one or the other. For instance, if a client approaches with a maladaptive behaviour we could go back in the clients life to find where this started and what happened, using Erikson theory and then integrate it with humanistic theories and look at the here and now and how we can move the client forward. Can we leave the past behind? my answer, no. Our past is what makes us who we are in our present and who we will be in our future. Accepting our genetics and our traits inherited from our parents and the influences of our external environment will allow us to recognise ourselves and gain self-awareness. Our learnt behaviours from our childhood will make up our coping mechanisms for situations we may face and whether we have accomplished the stages of Erik Erikson or had the relationships we require through Object Relations theory we will still have the memories and thoughts from our past.  in order to reconcile these we have to accept the decisions made for us by our parents and those we made ourselves were right for us at the time even if we begin to question them at a later date. In our futures we are not able to wipe the slate clean, so to speak and begin our lives again and any events that may arise will inevitably remind us of our past experiences. This may be difficult if we have had a harsh childhood as it can reopen old wounds, but this is where the therapist can help, such as anxiety issues and alcohol or drug misuse and maladaptive behaviors can all be changed in order for us to grow as an individual and make our future a better one. Our past has given us a valuable set of life goals, regardless of them being good, or bad, they make us the person we are today and valuing ourselves as well as valuing others will continue our success in the future.